The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.